Vegetable oils - Import export

is obtained by the flesh of the coconut. The coconut palm has its origin in India and Southeast Asian regions and is meanwhile cultivated in many tropical areas.

is the oil of the evening primrose. It is a biennial plant that blossoms after two years for the first time. These blossoms contain the seeds, from whom the oil is obtained. The evening primrose grows in its original country North America and Mexico with over 120 different types. At the beginning of the 17th century it came as ornamental plant to Europe. Nowadays the evening primrose can be found in South Africa, Asia, New Zealand and South America. The plant is very undemanding and grows perfectly on dry and stony ground. During the first year the plant only grows leaves close to the ground. During the second year the plant reaches a height of 150 cm. The flowering period is from july to september during the evening hours. That is why the plant has its name evening primrose. One fruit contains up to 200 seeds, each seed is about 1.2 to 2.2 mm long and contains 15 % - 20 % vegetable oil.

is a yellowish to green oil of borage. It is an annual, growing up to 60 cm. The flower blossoms in sky blue. The origin of the plant is in Spain and has been spread all the way to Turkey. Nowadays it grows in warmer regions of Europe, West Asia and the USA. The borage belongs to the family of Boraginaceae. The oil has a high content of gamma linolenic acid.

is obtained from the almost ripe fruits of the olive tree (Olea europaea). The fruit is a drupe and has an oil-rich fruit flesh. (15 % - 35 % oil content). Characteristic properties: *high content of oleic acid (C18:1)

is obtained from the seeds of the ricinus communis. It belongs to the family of euphorbiaceae and contains 40 % - 50 % oil. Its origin is in West and North Africa. Characteristic properties: *Main component is the versatile ricinoleic acid *Identified by its weak characteristic scent Cultivation: It grows in tropical summer rain areas. Depending which type, soil conditions and climate, 450 kg - 2000 kg oil can be obtained per hectare.

almond oil is obtained from the ripe, paring free seeds of the almond tree Prunus. The tree belongs to the family of Rosaceae. The oil is obtained by cold pressing. Subsequently refined or it just stays natural. The dried almonds get squeezed after removing impurities and paring. After pressing, the oil stays for various days untouched so that slimy components are able to settle. These components get removed after filter pressing. The residuals of the filter pressing get sold as almond meal. It contains up to 10% fatty oil. 1 t almonds are needed to get about 400 l almond oil.

is obtained from the soybean. It is the second most produced plant oil worldwide with about 32 %. The leading producer countries are USA, Argentinia, Brazil and China. The soybean oil is a clear to yellowish liquid. It is a by-product of the cultivation of soybean. It is mainly used for animal feed. The oil is obtained by the extraction or refining process of soybean (Glycine max L). Cold pressing is not profitable with this oil. The soybean has its origin in Northeast Asia and came over China to the USA. Soy is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the pulses. Its life time is about one year. The soybean oil is a raw and untreated oil that is because of its bitter and unhealthy substances unsuitable for food preperation. The oil has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acids). It contains vitamin E, vitamin K, minerals and trace elements. Because of its composition it is good for strengthening the immune system and to prevent heart and circulatory problems.

is a yellow to dark green oil with nutty, fruity taste. Grape seed oil is obtained from pomace by the process of wine pressing. The seeds get picked out of the pomace and subsequently the oil is obtained by pressing or extraction. For 1 l grape seed oil 40 kg seeds are needed, which are contained in 2 tons of grapes. The viticulture started 3500 BC with the Egyptians. The wine was spread by the Romans and Greeks in Europe. By now many types of it are available worldwide. The grape seed oil has already in the Middle Ages been used as cosmetics. The most important production countries are USA, France, Austria, Italy, Spain and Germany. The grape seeds are small, hard and are with 6 - 20 % oil content not really oily. Grape seed oil is characterized by its high content of antioxidants, linoleic acid and vitamin E. The smoke point is by at least 190 °C.

is obtained from the fruits of the apricot tree. The origin of the apricot tree is in China. The Romans brought it to the Mediaterranean region. Since the 18th century the tree has been cultivated in the USA. The harvest in Europe is in july. The apricot tree reaches a hight of three to four meters. Its fruits are round and four to eight cm big. The fruits are light yellow to orange red. Its kernels are hard and ovally shaped. The oil content of the kernels is 40% to 50%. To obtain the apricot kernel oil the fruits must be picked and the fruit flesh must be removed. The remaining kernels must be cleaned, split and the seeds extracted. Finally the seeds get pressed. The obtained oil is light yellow to yellow, tastes and smells nutty, like marzipan. It has a high content of essential fatty acid residues, vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids.

is obtained by the fruit pits of the marula tree. The fruit pits are extracted by hand from the fruits. The dark yellow to orange oil is obtained by cold pressing. The marula oil has an extremly high content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural antioxidants. The oxidation stability improves in oil mixtures. The high content of palmitic and stearic acid helps to strengthen the skin's own lipid protection.

is used for centuries, especially in its original growing regions Iraq, Turkey and West Asia, as seasoning and in medicine. Black cumin oil is obtained from the seeds of the "true" black cumin. It originates in South Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor and the Mediterranean region. Nowadays the main growing regions are Egypt, India, Russia and Turkey. The black cumin is an annual plant and can reach a height of 30 cm. It blossoms from june to september and grows white to grey blue flowers. In those flowers bubble-like fruit capsules (2-3mm big) carry the seeds. They contain 0,5 % -1,5 % essential oil and 40 % fatty oil. The oil is obtained by cold pressing the seeds. The oil contains essential oils, linoleic acids, oleic acids, palmitic acids and a very small share of rare fatty acids. The essential oil protects the plant against oxidation.

is obtained from tropical oils like cocos or palm oil. They are reffered to as MCT oils (medium chain triglycerides). The four MCT are capronic (C6:0), caprylic (C8:0), capric (C10:0) and lauric (C12:0) acid. The number in front of the colon is the number of carbon atoms, behind the colon is the number of double bonds. Chemically seen it is a fatty acid ester. Its chemical name is trioctanoin / tricaprin. The oil is a mixture of medium chain fatty acids of natural origin. It is slightly yellowish to clear, has no scent and a low viscosity. It is available in various qualities for the pharma and food indurtry. The oil is available with RSPO(Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) certification. This certification ensures a sustainable cultivation of palm oil. The MCT oil can also be provided on cocos basis. Hereby no palm oil is used at all.

is a vegetable oil that is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Among them are essential acids for the body. Kukuinut oil is obtained from the seeds of the kukuinut tree, also known as candle nut tree. The tree belongs to the euphorb family. It originally grows on mountain slopes and gorges in Hawaii. Nowadays it can be found in Polynesia, South Asia, Australia and Ceylon. The tree has white to pink coloured blossoms which turn into green, roundish fruits. They have a hard skin with two stony fruits inside. Full grown trees bear 35 - 45 kg fruits per year. The oil is obtained by extraction, hot or cold pressing and is afterwards gently filtered and purified or refined. The oil has a light yellow to orange colour and an acidic, grassy and partly chemical scent. It is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, like linoleic and linolenic acid, up to 90%. So it is one of the oils with the highest content of fatty acids.

is a light yellow oil, that becomes firm at room temperature. Shea butter, also known as karité butter, comes originally from West and Central Africa and is cultivated there to this very day. The butter has a fatty, aromatic, spicy scent and is often used as substitute for palm oil and cocoa butter. The shea tree grows wild but also cultivated. It can reach a height from 10 to 20 meters and blossoms after 20 years for the first time. After 50 years the maximum yield is obtained. During flowering stage the tree grows greenish berries in size of an apricot, which contain the seeds. The harvest is from april to june. The shea butter is won by crushing the seeds and subsequently pressing. The butter is all along used by the frist residents as creme against wind and weather and the fruit flesh as food source. The product has a high content of unsaponifiables and contains mainly long-chained, unsaturated fatty acids. The refined product has no scent and is white.

is obtained from the nut of the macadamia tree. The tree originates in Australia, but is meanwhile also grown in Hawaii and South Africa. Characterisic properties: *high content of palmitoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids *rich in vitamins *nutty taste and scent *good substitute for animal-based mink oil Cultivation: The macadamia tree bears its nuts after about 7 years for the first time. The harvest is, depending on the growing region, from april to september. The nuts have a thick, green protection layer und fall off the tree, as soon as they are ripe. They get selected and opened by a special cracking-machine, because it is impossible to open them by hand. Subsequently the nuts get cooked or roasted in order to obtain the oil. Due to its complicated process and difficult cultivation the oil, it counts to the most expensive oils in the world.

is a light to golden yellow, sticky oil of the fruit seeds of the pomegranate tree, also known as grenadine. Since the ancient times the positive properties of the fruit are well known. The pomegranate tree has its origin in Asia, but meanwhile it is cultivated also in tropical, subtropical regions and also in the Mediterranean region. The tree bears gib, shiny , red-orange fruits with leathery skin. The fruits consists of fruit flesh and several fruit chambers filled with pea-sized seeds. The light golden yellow, nutty smelling oil is obtained by extraction of the seeds. The oil is very valuable, as of 100 kg pomegranate only about 500 g oil can be obtained. It is characterized by its high content of exceptional and rare fatty acids. Furthermore the oil contains potassium, calcium, iron and vitamin C+E. That is why it is ususally used as ingrediant for cremes, soaps and lotions. Due to a too high concentration the skin can dry out.

is obtained from the seeds of Simmondsia chinensis. Its seeds contain 50% oil. Chemically speaking jojoba oil is a liquid wax. Characteristic properties: * Jojoba oil is a mixture of wax esters * High content of eicosenoic, cetoleic and oleic acid * rich in natural vitamin E Cultivation: The germinaton capacity of jojoba oil takes half a year to reach 99%. After 11 years still 38% under open storage. It grows best in alkaline sand at temperatures between 27°C and 38°C. Growing cuttings has its benefits: The quantity of female and male exemplars can be precisely determined; rooting takes about 38 days.

is obatined by pressing the peeled peanut. The nuts have their origin in tropical and subtropical regions. In the european area it is still limited in use. The peanut originates in South America, where it is known for over 75000 years now. It got spread from Peru and Amerika to Europe and Africa by the Spanish conqueror. Meanwhile it is almost spread worldwide. As the peanut needs a warm, sunny climate, its cultivation is in tropical and subtropical areas. The sterns lean after fertilization towards the ground and grow roots. Peanuts arise out of these roots. One peanut can contain 2 - 6 seeds. The peeled peanut dries for 2 - 4 weeks.

is a dark to reddish yellow oil obtained from wheat germs. It has a characteristic germ scent. Wheat is a grass with a height from 0.5 - 1 meter and belongs to the family of Poacae and has its origin in the Orient. It is one of the oldest cereals. Because of its various cultivation it can be grown on every continent. Typical growing countries are China, USA, India, Canada, France, Trukey and Germany. The wheat has only a small content of fat, the content of oil is between 8 % and 12 %. The germs are a by-product of the wheat flour production or the wheat is harvested and made to germinate. The germs get pressed by an oil press. Wheat germ oil can be obtained from the summer or winter wheat. The oil has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E.

is the oil, of the in Brazil growing, babacu palm. The palm belongs to the family of Arecaceae and grows very slowly. After 10 years it bears its first fruits, it can become 200 years old and reach a height of 30 meters. The fruits look similar to a coconut. They grow 10 - 12 cm long and contain 3 - 5 seeds with 60% - 70% oil. The oil is up to 22 °C firm and because of that also called babacu wax or barbacu fat. It has a high content of lauric acid and softens the skin. It melts by skin contact.

is a dark yellow to greenish oil with a gentle-nutty scent. The name cranberry has its origin in its beak shaped and slim blossom that reminds of a crane head. The German cowberry is a relative to the cranberry. The plant belongs to the family of Ericaceae, an evergreen dwarf shrub, that is domiciled in North America and Canada. The berries are red, cherry-sized fruits with four air chambers, with its kernels inside. It blossoms in june. The harvest is from september to october. There are two kinds of harvesting: Frist option: The fields get flooded. The fruits float due to their air chambers on the top of the water and get skimmed off. Second option: The berries get picked and collected by a machine. After both options the kernsels get pressed.

is obtained from the seeds of rose hip friuts. They only grow on rose bushes, Rosa canina L., as so-called ovaries.

is obtained from the ripe friuts of the avocado tree. It belongs to the family of laurel plants. The cultivation of the fruit is in particular in tropical and subtropical climate.

is a yellow to greenish oil, that slightly smells like beans and grinded leaves. It has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. The oil is obtained from the inca peanut, also known as inca inchi, inca nut or inca mountain nut. The plant is a herbaceous creeper with branches up to a length of three meters. It belongs to the family of Euphorbia cyathophora. It has its origin in the headwater of the amazon rainforest. Especially Peru, because it needs running water to grow. It grows there 1000-2000 meters above sea level. Growing regions are nowadays in Southeast Asia and Thailand. The fruit is a dehiscent fruit and is similar to star anise. In every cavity of the five-pointed fruit is a seed. Once nine months have passed, the first fruits of the plant grow. After the fruits get picked by hand they get sun-dried and can be eaten or processed to oil by pressing, roasting or grinding. A floury by-product remains.

is a yellowish oil with a very intense nutty taste. The walnut tree has its origin in Persia. The walnut oil is obtained by pressing the walnut kernels, because of their high oil content. From one ton walnuts 500 l walnut oil can be produced. The walnut tree can reach a height up to 30 meters. Its origin is in Persia. From Asia to Europe it has spread worldwide. The walnuts grow a green skin at the beginning, that becomes a woody, stone-hard skin during the curing process. Inside of the fruit lays its seed. Walnut oil is very rich in linoleic acid, which has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Natural vitamin E is a further component.

also known as argan seed oil, is the oil of the argan tree. The tree or bush belongs to the sapodilla family and grows exclusively in Morocco. it grows 7 - 10 meters high and reaches an average age of 125 - 150 years. As of the 5th year it bears fruits. 1990 the growing region in Morocco is listed by UNESO as a to be protected biosphere . The fruits are round to oval and have a green, fleshy appearance, like olives. The fruits contain 1 - 3 oval, smooth, brown, up to 2 cm long kernels with its seeds inside. For oil extraction the fallen fruits get selected. This takes place from june to september. There is no other way to harvest, as the branches of the tree are easily broken if shook. The thornes make picking the fruits by hand impossible. The harvested fruits' kernels have to be removed and split to get to its seeds. The locals grind the seeds to a brown pulp and stir it with water. By kneading the oil gets seperated from the water. The resulting press cake is used as animal feed.

consists of linseed oil. Dry matter has been incorporated. After hardening, the yellow, viscous substance, becomes a clear and water-repellent layer, if put on a surface. This layer is called varnish. The term varnish comes from the French term "vernis" and means paint. Linseed oil varnish is used as a coating agent especially for wood inside and outside the house and other materials. There is no standardized structural formular for this product, as there is no composition defined.