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Chemical appearance Alky Hydroxamic Acid has a pretty dark red colour appearance. It also comes in a thick liquid form which has no strong kind of odour. It has the tendency to solidify when exposed to temperatures which are lower than 15 ºC. Chemical application and strength Alkyl Hydroxamic Acid or Alkyl Hydroximic Acidis a very good collector and flotation agent with oxidized sulfide and different metallic oxides, even ones which are very difficult to extract by other collector agents. It has a strong collection power with wolframite, copper oxide ores, titanic iron, hematite, niobium ores, and many more. It can strongly extract various non-ferrous metals. In alkaline conditions, Alkyl Hydroxamic Acid is a strong floater of fine cassiterite It should be placed in an environment away from exposure to water and extreme heat from fire and sunlight. If placed in a very cold confinement, it has the tendency to solidify.

Chemical appearance Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol or 4 – Methyl – 2 – Pentanol has a very clear appearance which is similar to that of alcohol and comes in a liquid form which produces a slight distinct odour which is also similar to alcohol. Chemical application and strength Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol or 4 – Methyl – 2 – Pentanol is a kind of chemical compound which is organic and is derived from acetone. In the mining industry, MIBC is popularly used as a frothing agent during the flotation processes of different minerals and also when producing additives of lubricant oils. Compared to other frothing agents, MIBC has a great selectivity and fast kinetics in the flotation process. It produces froths with are dry yet easy to break which increases the efficiency and yield of the mineral. Has little to none collector resistance and used widely in the processing of gold ores. Acts as a solvent in the extraction process of essential oils which are used in fragrances.

Chemical appearance Salicyl Hydroxamic Acid has a pinkish orange colour and comes in powder form. It is chemically stable and has a subtle distinct odour. Chemical application and strength Salicyl Hydroxamic Acid or Salicyl Hydroximic Acid when used with iron, tin tungsten, copper, and various rare earth materials will be able to create stable chelate. In contrast, if it is used along with alkali earth metals and various alkali metals it will create unstable chelate. In conclusion, Salicyl Hydroximic Acid (SHA) has a very strong selectivity. If used with tin, it will be able to produce different complex salts, which proves its excellent selectivity towards tin. It is easily soluble within water and also in aqueous alkali solutions. In the flotation process, P86 is always partnered with SHA when extracting tin. Salicyl Hydroximic Acid (SHA) also has excellent frothing ability. Because of its characteristic of low toxicity, it is safe to use within any environment.

Chemical Appearance Hydrochloric Acid 33% (HCl 33%) is a colourless transparent liquid. It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is a strong and highly corrosive acid which has a distinctive pungent odor. It is water and alcohol soluble but insoluble in hydrocarbons. It is an extremely important industrial chemical. Chemical Applications and Strengths Hydrochloric Acid 33% (HCl 33%) is an extremely efficient chemical compound and therefore, has many industrial applications. Its main applications and strengths are: It is used in the stimulation of petroleum wells. Stimulation process involves the removal of rust, scales, and undesirable carbonate deposits in oil wells. This enhances the flow of crude oil or gas to the wells. It is used in the manufacture of dyes, phenols, and plastics It is used to produce chemical intermediates like FeCl3, ZnCl2, AlCl3 and many more. It is used as a cleaning agent for household, commercial, and industrial purposes.

Chemical appearance: Sodium cyanide is found either in the white crystalline form or in the form of granular powder. It is also water-soluble and forms a clear and colorless aqueous solution. Chemical application and strengths: The most important application of sodium cyanide is evident in the extraction of gold. The use of sodium cyanide is still the best method for mining gold. Sodium cyanide is a common agent in the leaching process for the majority of gold extraction operations. The primary reason for the use of Sodium cyanide in the extraction of gold is the higher affinity of gold towards cyanide. Sodium cyanide separates gold through oxidizing it and dissolving gold in the presence of oxygen and water. The most important strengths of sodium cyanide in the mining of precious metals are reflected in its cost-effectiveness, higher availability, and better processing

Chemical appearance Alky Hydroxamic Acid has a pretty dark red colour appearance. It also comes in liquid form which has no distinct odour. It has a pH level of 10 to 13. Chemical application and strength Sodium Alkyl Hydroxamic Acid or Sodium Alkyl Hydroximic Acid is a very good collector and flotation agent with oxidized sulfide and different metallic oxides, even ones which are very difficult to extract by other collector agents. It has a strong collection power with wolframite, copper oxide ores, titanic iron, hematite, niobium ores, and many more. It can strongly extract various non-ferrous metals. In alkaline conditions, Alkyl Hydroxamic Acid is a strong floater of cobalt and copper. It should be placed in an environment away from exposure to water and extreme heat from fire and sunlight. If placed in a very cold confinement, it has the tendency to solidify. It is easily soluble in water and also in alkaline solutions.

Octyl Hydroxamic Acid is an organic compound. Hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds. They have the functional group RC(O)N(OH)R’ where R and R’ are organic residues and CO is the carbonyl group. They are amides. They are used extensively for the flotation of rare earth minerals during concentration and extraction of ores. Octyl Hydroxamic Acid is a very useful chemical compound which is made by the reaction of esters or acid chlorides with hydroxylamine salts. Its chemical formula is C9H19NO2. Chemical Appearance Octyl Hydroxamic Acid has the appearance of a dark yellow coloured solid. It has no distinct odour. It is readily soluble in water and also in alkaline solutions. It has a pH level between 10 to 13. Chemical Applications and Strengths Octyl Hydroxamic Acid or N-Hydroxynonanamide is an extremely useful chemical compound and therefore, has many industrial applications. Its main applications and strengths

Chemical appearance: Copper sulfate monohydrate is usually greyish white in color. This is its state without any water molecules in it. When it absorbs some water, it turns to blue pentahydrate crystals or granules. Both types of copper sulphate have same chemical characteristics although they differ in color and their mass. The white powder does not have any odor but is toxic when ingested. Chemical application and strengths: The chemical is highly stable in neutral media and average room temperature. However, it is highly reactive with alkaline media where it decomposes and warms the alkaline material instead. The main use if the compound is a fungicidal spray on grapes, tea, coffee, cotton and cardamom. In rubber, it is sprayed from the above to control attack on the leaves. Copper sulfate is highly soluble in water and decomposes at high temperatures over 650 degrees Celsius.

Cobalt sulfate monohydrate (CoSO₄ ⋅ H₂O) is a versatile compound that has gained recognition in various industries due to its unique properties It is meticulously synthesized through a precise combination of cobalt and sulfur, resulting in a fine crystalline powder The compound’s solubility in water makes it highly adaptable and essential for applications spanning agriculture, electronics, and more. In the agricultural sector, Cobalt Sulphate Monohydrate plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and vitality of livestock It is an essential trace element necessary for the synthesis of vitamin B12, a nutrient vital for metabolic processes in ruminant animals. Farmers enhance the overall well-being and growth of cattle, sheep, and other livestock, by incorporating this compound Also Essential in the manufacturing of pigments and dyes Its hygroscopic nature and essential role in growth further underscore its importance in both industrial and agricultural sectors.

Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO₄ .7H₂O) is a versatile compound that has gained recognition in various industries due to its unique properties Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate is characterized by its vibrant pink to red crystalline appearance The common use of Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate is applied in the manufacturing of pigments, more specifically in the production of blue and green ceramic glazes and glass. its role in electronics is pivotal it is a key component in lithium-ion batteries, fueling the ever-expanding market for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, enhancing the longevity and performance Additionally, Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate serves as a catalyst in chemical processes, enabling the production of valuable products across industries such as pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals

Chemical appearance: Liquid Caustic Soda Lye is basic a solution of sodium hydroxide. Depending on the intended application, it can be diluted to 32% or 50 %. The solution is colourless and does not have any smells. It is a salt formed by the reaction of sodium and water. Chemical application and strengths: The caustic soda solution is a strong base that is used in various applications across various industries. Some major applications include 1. It is used in the purification of water and water treatment such the partial water softening in drinking water production 2. It is used for cleaning facilities in dairy products industries 3. It is used in the demineralisation of water as it helps in the regeneration of ion exchangers 4. In the textile industry, it used for the preparation of the spinning solutions 5. It is used as an ingredient for various pharmaceutical products such as sodium lactate

Chemical appearance: Liquid Caustic Soda Lye is basic a solution of sodium hydroxide. Depending on the intended application, it can be diluted to 32% or 50 %. The solution is colourless and does not have any smells. It is a salt formed by the reaction of sodium and water. Chemical application and strengths: The caustic soda solution is a strong base that is used in various applications across various industries. Some major applications include 1. It is used in the purification of water and water treatment such the partial water softening in drinking water production 2. It is used for cleaning facilities in dairy products industries 3. It is used in the demineralisation of water as it helps in the regeneration of ion exchangers 4. In the textile industry, it used for the preparation of the spinning solutions 5. It is used as an ingredient for various pharmaceutical products such as sodium lactate 6. It is used in the refining and desulphurisation in the petroleum

Chemical appearance: Caustic soda flakes are white translucent solid crystals. These waxy white crystals are odourless. The crystals are soluble in water and glycerol. This is an alkali, which is a combination of sodium cations and hydroxide anions (NaOH). Chemical application and strengths: White Caustic has a number of applications in various industries. Here are some of the most popular ones. 1. It is used in the manufacture of synthetic fatty acids, synthetic detergents and making of soap 2. It is used in the production of cellulose pulp and paper 3. It is used as a scouring agent, silk polish agent in silk print and a cloth desizing agent 4. It is used to produce other chemicals that include formic acid, sodium cyanide and borax

Chemical Appearance Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate >30% has the appearance of a white deliquescent crystalline solid. It is odourless. It is soluble in water and very slightly soluble in methanol. It is insoluble in ether and ethanol. Chemical Applications and Strengths Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate >30% is an extremely efficient chemical compound and therefore, has many industrial applications. Its main applications and strengths are: Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate >30% is used in raising and farming of animals. It is used in animal feed. It is mostly used for making dryer of ink and paint. It is used as a catalyser of synthetic fatty acid. It is also used for the production of manganese compound. It is used for electrolysing metallic manganese.

Chemical appearance: Oxalic acid presents as white transparent crystals that combine two water crystals. It appears in two types, the anhydrous and dihydrate form. The dihydrate has water molecules while the anhydrous one does not have any water crystals. Both types are soluble in water and are odorless Chemical application and strengths: The acid is made from the oxidation of glucose in the presence of nitric acid. It is also prepared by carboxylation of alcohol. The resulting acid has a strong reducing property while its conjugate base makes for a great chelating agent. This strength allows it to be used in the polishing of marble, bleaching and in removal of rust. It is also effective in the removal of dirt in leather, wood and aluminum products during the manufacturing process.

Chemical appearance: The 85% phosphoric acid is an aqueous solution that is colourless, odourless and not volatile. It presents in the form of a syrup, thick but still pourable. The basic conjugate base of this acid is a dihydrogen phosphate anion which is a mix of hydrogen and phosphate ions. Chemical application and strengths: There are two types of phosphoric acids, food grade and industrial grade phosphoric acids. The food grade phosphoric acid is added to foods and drinks to give them a slight acidic feel. It is common in colas and jams where it gives them a sour or tangy taste. The food grade type is also used as nutrition agent for food containing yeast. This helps in the growth of yield in the production process without the formation of other bacteria that are not essential in the maturing of foods or drinks. In sugar production, the acid acts as reaction catalyst. The industrial-grade phosphoric acid is used as a drying agent, a catalyst and cleaners.

Chemical Appearance Hydrogen Peroxide 35% or Dihydrogen Dioxide has a transparent and colorless appearance. It comes in the liquid form with a sharp odor. Chemical Applications Hydrogen Peroxide has many industrial applications. Its main applications are: It is used as a bleaching agent in textile and paper industries. It is used in the production of various organic compounds in the chemical industries. It is used in the oxidation and hydroxylation reactions. Hydrogen Peroxide is used as a steriliser and disinfectant in wastewater treatment. In the mining industry it is used for eliminating the toxic effects of cyanide tailings.

Chemical appearance: Sodium ethyl xanthate or SEX is typically a yellowish powder or pellet that is soluble in water. It is a xanthate based on the C2 alkyl ethyl alcohol in the sodium salt form. Chemical application and strengths: Sodium ethyl xanthate or SEX is used in mining as a flotation agent. It is used as a collector and xanthate used especially in copper mines. It can be used for flotation of various minerals that are activated or hydrophobic and float easily such as lead, cobalt, zinc and nickel. It can form insoluble compounds with these metallic ions. Sodium ethyl xanthate is especially important in in froth flotation, where it is used to separate hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. In mining this is an important operation to recover sulfide ores. For ores such as copper, this process lowers the costs of recovering low grade ores and can save mining companies processing costs.

Calcium Chloride 94% is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It can be produced either directly from limestone or as a by product of the Solvay process. It is hygroscopic in nature and behaves as a typical ionic halide. Chemical Appearance Calcium Chloride 94% is a crystalline white solid salt at room temperature. It is highly soluble in water and is deliquescent. Chemical Applications and Strengths Calcium Chloride 94%is an extremely efficient chemical compound and therefore, has many industrial applications. Its main applications and strengths are: Calcium Chloride 94% is used in the petroleum industry it is used in oil field drilling and to stabilise mud layer. It is also used as a lubricant to lubricate the drill. It is used in making the hole plug and fixing the oil well too. In water treatment Calcium Chloride is very useful because calcium ions precipitate most anions and chloride ions precipitate cations. They can also oxidise ions and this helps purify wastewater.

Chemical appearance Sodium Thioglycolate or Sodium Mercaptoacetate has a light yellowish and sometimes dark color. It comes in a liquid form with a strong pungent odour and has a pH level between 7 to 11. Chemical application and strength Sodium Thioglycolate or Sodium Mercaptoacetate is a mining separator which is used mainly in the separation process of copper and molybdenum copper sulfide. It also acts as a galena inhibitor. It is also known as a powerful and effective depressant agent for copper sulfide which has gone through the separation process during considerable environment conditions. Great results are seen when this is used as a depressant instead of using sodium cyanide or sodium sulfide. Has the ability to enhance the recovery rate of various precious materials and metals during flotation. Should be kept in an environment free of water and moisture. Should also kept far away from fire or high temperatures. It is composed of carboxylic acid and thiol (mercaptan)

Chemical appearance Isopropyl Alcohol or Ethanol has a colorless and transparent appearance and comes in a liquid form which has low viscosity level. It has a density of 0.789 g / cm3. Chemical application and strength Isopropyl Alcohol or Ethanol is a chemical which has a wide range of uses. This includes the use in the manufacturing of various products like beverages, flavorings, acetic acid, fuels, and dyes. Its other uses can be determined depending on its concentration. In the medical field, Isopropyl Alcohol with a concentration between 70% to 75% is used for disinfecting purposes. Common rubbing alcohols which are used in hospitals and households are of this concentration. Isopropyl alcohol with 95% concentration and higher is not used as commonly as the 70% – 75% variant in disinfecting. Used commonly in wiping UV lamp. Used in the production of common household products like cleaners, paint thinners, and disinfectants.

Thiourea 99% is a very useful organic sulphur containing compound having the chemical formula N2H4CS. It refers to a broad class of compounds related to thioamides. Chemical Appearance Thiourea 99% has the appearance of a white solid. It is most often seen as a white powder. It is soluble in water. It has a bitter taste Chemical Applications and Strengths Thiourea 99% is an extremely efficient chemical compound and therefore, has many industrial applications. Its main applications and strengths are: Thiourea 99% is most popularly used as a thiox precursor. It is used as a precursor to Thiourea dioxide and this is a widely used reducing agent in textile processing. It is used as a flotation reagent for metal minerals. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals. Thiourea is commonly used as a fertiliser. It has many desirable properties as a fertiliser specifically under the conditions of environmental stress.

Chemical appearance: Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX) is available in the solid powder form or in the shape of pellets. SIPX has the appearance of white to yellowish deliquescent solid in the powder form. The color of the SIPX pellets varies from yellow to green. In the solid powder form, SIPX emits a slightly pungent odour. In the pellet form, SIPX emits a sulphur like odour. Chemical application and strengths: The strength of SIPX for collection is slightly higher than that of ethyl xanthate. Therefore, it serves as the perfect tool for the flotation of nonferrous metallic sulfide minerals in the form of a collector. Xanthates have been known for being an integral part of sulfide mineral flotation. SIPX is actually a salt that contains a non-polar hydrocarbon group that helps in the hydrophobic nature of sulfide material, thereby pointing out from the mineral to the solution. The salt also contains a polar group that adsorbs onto the sulfide mineral surface.

Potassium Butyl Xanthate is a reagent that plays a pivotal role in modern mining and metallurgy. Flotation Process Facilitator: Potassium Butyl Xanthate is an indispensable ally in the flotation process, a cornerstone of mineral extraction. Flotation involves separating desired minerals from their ores. Selective Adhesion: When introduced to a slurry of finely ground ore and water, Potassium Butyl Xanthate selectively adheres to sulfide minerals present in the mixture. These minerals, often hosting valuable elements like copper or lead, exhibit a unique affinity for the xanthate. Bubble Attachment: Air bubbles are introduced into the slurry. The hydrophobic mineral surfaces coated with Potassium Butyl Xanthate collectors readily attach to the bubbles, effectively making them float to the surface. Rising to the Top: The mineral-laden bubbles rise to the surface of the flotation cell, forming a froth layer.

Chemical appearance: Potassium Amyl Xanthate (PAX) is available in the form of yellowish or pale-grey crystals or in the form of free-flowing powder in the purest state. PAX is also available in the form of a solution. PAX is highly water-soluble and emits a slightly unpleasant odor that is similar to that of carbon disulfide or that of decaying cabbage. Another property of PAX is the absorption of moisture from air i.e., hygroscopic nature. Chemical application and strengths: The properties of PAX as a Xanthate make it the ideal collector for various nonferrous metallic ores. Potassium Amyl Xanthate is the perfect choice for flotation processes of nonferrous metallic ores as a strong yet non-selective collector. PAX works effectively as a flotation reagent in the flotation of oxide minerals such as oxidized sulfide, lead, and copper ores. PAX is also a popular flotation collector for copper-nickel sulfide and auriferous pyrite

Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, white granules. Soluble in water and dilute lye; insoluble in alcohol and acid. The aqueous solution is alkaline. Easy to absorb moisture and deliquescence in exposed air. With detergent, emulsification, dispersion, wetting, permeability and pH buffering capacity. Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate is a crystalline compound with the chemical formula Na2SiO3·5H2O. It is composed of sodium (Na), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and water (H2O) molecules. The pentahydrate form indicates that it contains five molecules of water per molecule of sodium metasilicate. Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate is a white, granular or powder-like substance with a high solubility in water. It has a basic pH and is alkaline in nature. It is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its unique properties. One of the significant uses of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate is in cleaning products and detergents. It serves as a builder, helping to remove stains

Chemical appearance: Anhydrous citric acid is presented in a white crystalline powder. It is also packaged in the form of colorless granules or crystals. The crystals have no odor but have a strong acid taste. Chemical application and strengths: Anhydrous citric acid has similar properties to citric acid monohydrate. The difference is the crystallization procedure. While the monohydrate citric acid is crystalized in cold water, the anhydrous forms are crystallized in water at a temperature of 78 degrees Celsius. In the process, it loses all the water within the crystals. Citric acid anhydrous is one of the strong edible acids. Due to that property, it is a common food additive to enhance its flavor. It is also used for preservation of foods especially candies and soft drinks. In addition, it reacts with different metals to form citrate salts that are used as dietary supplements for people who lack minerals such as iron, sodium and magnesium.

Sodium Persulfate is an inorganic compound. It is a very useful chemical compound which is made by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium hydrogen sulfate. Its chemical formula is Na2S2O8. Chemical Appearance Sodium Persulfate has the appearance of a white crystalline solid. It is almost non hygroscopic. Chemical Applications and Strengths Sodium Persulfate is an extremely useful chemical compound and therefore, has many industrial applications. Its main applications and strengths are: Sodium Persulfate is most commonly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerisation reactions for styrene based polymers such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. It is used for fast paced curing of low formaldehyde adhesives. Sodium Persulfate itself is a bleach specifically in hair cosmetics and as a detergent component. It is used as a replacement of ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards.